With the implementation of hard carbon emission limits in NYC, building energy use has taken a whole new shape. Electric energy for building heating and hot water consumption, in the past considered wasteful and expensive, is set to become the preferred and sustainable choice. We will explore the available technology and impacts to capital costs, energy costs, emissions, and fines of various heating technologies, starting with a new building, where the plate is clean, and ending with how those choices can be evaluated and applied to an existing building, where the plate is “dirty.”