Who Pays and Who Saves? How Electric Rates Shape Equitable Multifamily Electrification

Electric rate design and metering decisions determine who pays, who saves, and who benefits from building electrification, especially in affordable multifamily housing. In Massachusetts, electricity is more expensive than gas, and for many multifamily building owners undergoing retrofits, it’s not always clear—between commercial electric rates, residential electric heating rates, low-income discount rates, and residential heat pump rates—which configurations are most effective at lowering operating costs. This session shares early research comparing rate and metering structures to uncover how cost-shifting impacts equity, affordability, and feasibility. Using case studies, we’ll explore what’s working, what’s not, and what policies and best practices could ensure a fair, scalable transition.